20-08-08 Barely 1 % of Australia's untapped geothermal energy could produce 26,000 years worth of clean electricity, scientists said, as the government announced a A$ 50 mm ($ 43 mm) project to help develop the technology. Australia is the world's biggest coal exporter with coal used to generate about 77 % of its electricity. Its reliance on coal for generating electricity makes it the world's biggest per-person polluter, with five times more emissions per head than China.
"Geothermal energy which is sometimes known as hot rocks has got a huge potential for Australia, both as a solution to climate change and in terms of national energy security," said Resource Minister Martin Ferguson.

To produce power from geothermal energy, water is pumped below ground where it is heated and the heat energy used to generate power. Geoscience Australia has mapped the nation's geothermal energy, using temperature recordings from decades of drilling by energy and exploration firms, sometimes to a depth of 5 km (3 miles). A total of 5,722 petroleum and mineral boreholes across Australia were used to generate the map.
"One percent of reserves would produce 26,000 years of energy supplies," Geoscience's Anthony Budd told. Budd said "hot rocks" needed to be 150 degrees Celsius to produce electricity, which was achievable at a depth of 1 to 5 km, noting temperature rose deeper into the earth's crust.

An Australian Geothermal Energy Association report forecast it could potentially produce 2,200 MW of baseload power by 2020, adding that represented up to 40 % of Australia's 2020 renewable energy target. The association estimated A$ 12 bn would need to be invested to develop the 2,200 MW of power, but added the cost of generating electricity would fall to acceptable levels by the time commercial projects were up and running. It estimated it would cost A$ 120 per MWh from a small pilot plant producing 10 to 50 MW of power, and A$ 80 per MWh for a large scale plant of 300 MW or greater.
"The upper cost boundary will decline over time because the level of uncertainty is expected to narrow as the industry grows. This cost is expected to be lowest cost of any form of renewable or low emissions energy," it said.

The government's geothermal drilling project will see different technologies used at various locations around Australia to try and determine the best technology for converting "hot rock" energy into electricity. Ferguson said the first commercially viable geothermal power plants could be in place within four to five years.
"Geothermal energy provides clean base-load power and is potentially a very important contributor to Australia's energy mix in a carbon-constrained world," he said.

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd won power last November in part by promising to sign the Kyoto Protocol, which sets binding limits on emissions from developed countries, and to cut emissions by 60 % of 2000 levels by 2050.
($ 1 = A$ 1.15)