China, taking advantage of global recession, goes on a buying spree

by Peter Ford

General Motors is doing it. The world's second-largest mining group is doing it. Russia, Brazil and Venezuela are doing it.
And China is loving it.

Squeezed between falling profits and the credit crunch, a growing number of troubled corporations and countries are turning to cash-rich China for a bailout. And with foreign assets cheaper than they have been for years, Beijing is going on an international spending spree.
"The international financial crisis... is equally a challenge and an opportunity," China's energy czar, Zhang Guobao, wrote recently in an article. "The slowdown... has reduced the price of international energy resources and assets and favours our search for overseas resources."

So far, the government has concentrated on natural-resource deals, securing supplies of oil and minerals in return for large amounts of cash. But private Chinese firms are also taking advantage of the crisis in other sectors: Diesel-engine giant Weichai Power is expected to buy aFrench plant that GM is selling off in its struggle to survive.
Though the Chinese economy has also been hit by the crisis, cutting growth by almost half, "what sets China apart is that Chinese banks have not been so badly hurt, and the policy banks still seem ready to lend" in support of key government objectives, says Erika Downs, a China energy specialist at the Brookings Institution in Washington.

The China Development Bank, for example, is financing China's biggest-ever foreign investment -- a $ 19.5 bn bid by the mostly state-owned Aluminum Corp. of China for an 18 % slice of Rio Tinto. The Australian mining company desperately needs the cash in order to pay off $ 19 bn in debt over the next two years. That deal, still to be approved by Australian regulators, is seen here as a pathfinder.
"It illustrates Chinese state business's strong capacity ... and gathered experience for state-owned firms to operate abroad in the future," explained an article published earlier.

Other recent multibillion-dollar deals include the purchase by China Petrochemical Corp., the country's second-largest oil producer, of Canada's Tanganyika Oil, which works in Syria, and the bid that China Minmetals has made for OZ Minerals, an Australian zinc producer on the verge of bankruptcy.
"The amount of money coming out of Beijing suggests they are confident that we are at the bottom of the market," says Paul Cavey, an analyst with Macquarie Bank. And with China's trade surplus still wide, since imports have fallen even faster than exports, "they still have a lot of money to play with," he adds.

Earlier, the Chinese government sank $ 39 bn of that money in three separate deals to secure future oil supplies from Russia, Brazil, and Venezuela. A $ 25 bn loan to Russia, whose economy is reeling from plummeting oil prices, won a promise to supply 290,000 bpd for the next quarter-century and to build a pipeline into China.
"The slowdown in the Russian economy, declining crude prices, and production and the credit crunch have lent the Chinese far better bargaining power," wrote Gordon Kwan, head of China energy research at CLSA brokerage, in a research note.

A $ 10 bn loan to Brazil, announced during a visit to the country by Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping, secured a similar pledge to provide up to 160,000 barrels of crude a day, while Mr Xi also signed a deal with Venezuela for up to 1 mm bpd by 2015 in return for another $ 4 bn from China to top up an existing development fund.
"More than anything else, China always wants security of resources going into the future," says Mr Cavey. The crisis, and falling asset prices, "open up a significant part of the world," he adds. "China will think of investing pretty much anywhere there are resources, not just the places that other countries don't want to go."

Few expect Beijing to invest in the troubled financial sector, however, despite the hopes some foreign banks have harboured of attracting Chinese money.
"Natural resources are so strategic for a country, they can justify investments there, but they can't justify another financial sector deal," says Andy Xie, an independent economist. China's sovereign wealth fund has lost between half and two-thirds of investments it made over the past two years in Morgan Stanley, Blackstone, and Barclays, Mr Xie points out.

As China begins to move again on the international scene, taking advantage of low prices, it remains to be seen how much political resistance its bids will provoke. In 2005, political pressure in Washington forced China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) to withdraw its bid for the US oil firm Unocal, even though the Chinese firm offered more money than its rival, Chevron.
"The situation is so bad that there is a desperation now to get money," says Cavey. "But it will still be a difficult political balance to strike" for the state-owned firms that are expected to be most active abroad.

Especially touchy will be the question of state assistance for Chinese firms, potentially giving theman advantage over Western competitors. The China National Petroleum Corp.'s website carried a report on the government's yet-unpublished oil and gas development plan, which suggested such assistance is foreseen.
"China will encourage enterprises to develop the exploration and acquisition of overseas resources and will offer low-interest loans and preferential lending rates for major overseas energy investment projects," the report said.

"With low oil prices, we may see Chinese banks playing a bigger role" in funding acquisitions, says Dr Downs at Brookings.
"And if it is known that Chinese companies are getting money from state banks at low interest rates, we will see concern that this support creates a playing field that is not level."

Peter Ford is staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor.